Independent regulator and competition authority
for the UK communications industries.
Ofcom has announced in October 2, 2014, the organisations taking part in Europe's first major pilot of an innovative new wireless technology.
The UK will be among the first countries in the world to road-test 'white space' technology, which could help support the next wave of wireless innovation.
Over the next six months, around 20 public and private organisations will be participating in Ofcom's pilot by running trials to test a variety of innovative applications - ranging from sensors that monitor the behaviour of cities, to dynamic information for road users and rural broadband in hard to reach places.1
BT and Neul
BT and technology specialist Neul2 will work with the Department for Transport to test the potential enhancement of traffic information as part of a wider project along the A14 between Felixstowe and Cambridge. Using white spaces to transmit data on traffic congestion and varying traffic conditions to vehicles, the technology is designed to improve information to drivers and could reduce congestion and even improve road safety.3
Microsoft
Microsoft will test how white spaces can provide people with access to free Wi-Fi in Glasgow, which has the lowest level of broadband take-up of all UK cities.
Working with the University of Strathclyde's Centre for White Space Communications4, Microsoft will also examine using white spaces to link a network of sensors around Glasgow to create a 'smart city'.5
Click4internet, KTS & SineCom
Internet service provider, Click4internet, will use white spaces to test rural broadband in hard to reach places obscured by thick foliage or challenging topography. Unlike other forms of wireless technologies, such as regular Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, the radio waves used by white space devices will be able to travel larger distances and easily through solid objects. This is because they would use the lower frequencies that have traditionally been reserved for TV. They will work with technology partners, KTS & SineCom to deliver the pilot.6
Database providers
A number of companies, including Google, Nominet, LS telcom, iconectiv, Key Bridge, Fairspectrum and Spectrum Bridge have expressed interest in testing intelligent databases that ensure white spaces can be used without causing harmful interference to other devices.7
How white spaces work
These new services will utilise the gaps, or 'white spaces', that sit in the frequency band used to broadcast digital terrestrial TV. Some of these gaps may be used by other applications, such as wireless microphones, but only at certain times.
White space devices would access the spaces at times when they are vacant, by communicating their locations to a database designed to minimise the risk of interference with any existing users. This is a creative and efficient way to get the most from spectrum - the vital but finite resource that supports all wireless technology.
The amount of white space available in the UK varies by location, the power level of devices and the point in the day at which they access spectrum.
Unlike some other parts of the radio spectrum, white spaces will be available to use on a licence-exempt basis, potentially allowing for fast take-up and innovation by manufacturers8.
Surge in demand for spectrum
The forthcoming trials will investigate the potential for white spaces to help meet the growing demands being placed on the UK's wireless infrastructure. White spaces is one example of spectrum sharing. Spectrum sharing is a long term objective for Ofcom which will help the UK utilise spectrum more efficiently to meet growing demand.
In the UK, half of all adults now own a smartphone and one in four households has a tablet computer, fuelling a surge in demand for more data capacity. This will help support up to 50 billion devices forecast to be connected wirelessly to the internet by 2020.9
One of the key drivers for this increase will be machine-to-machine (M2M) communications, which will be used to link devices together over the internet.
Commonly referred to as the 'internet of things', connecting devices in this way has the potential to deliver significant benefits to society, with a range of applications spanning transport, healthcare, energy and agriculture.10 Four M2M case studies are available online.
Future challenges
The emergence of M2M communications, along with mobile broadband growth and more sophisticated techniques for sharing spectrum such as white space technology, are likely to have a significant impact on spectrum use.
Competing demands from different sectors - such as broadcasting, programme makers and special events organisers - are also likely to present significant challenges for spectrum management over the next 10 years.
For example, trends towards higher definition TV are likely to influence broadcasting capacity needs on both digital terrestrial TV and satellite platforms. Also, wireless microphone and camera users will be affected by the increasing complexity of live events production and the move to higher definition standards.
Ofcom’s spectrum management strategy
To prepare for these challenges, Ofcom has today published a blueprint for how it plans to manage spectrum over the next decade.
It has assessed each individual sector that uses spectrum - such as broadcasting and mobile broadband - and considered how their needs are likely to develop in the future. This has identified a number of areas where Ofcom plans to focus its efforts over the next ten years. Examples include:
- Mobile and wireless data demands;
- managing a potential re-arranging of the bands used for digital terrestrial TV (DTT) to release more spectrum for mobile broadband after 2018, while protecting the future of TV services received through the aerial;
- and considering the future of Programme Making and Special Events (PMSE) use of spectrum.11
'Spectrum: the next decade'
The publication of Ofcom's spectrum management strategy coincides with a two-day Ofcom event, 'Spectrum: the next decade', designed to showcase current and future wireless opportunities in the UK.
The event will focus on areas of spectrum innovation such as 5G, M2M communications and spectrum sharing- as well as how Ofcom plans to meet future spectrum demands.
Ed Richards, Ofcom's Chief Executive, said: "Access to spectrum is fundamental to the future success of the UK's digital economy, providing the infrastructure that underpins all wireless communications.
"The upcoming white space pilot is a very exciting development, which has attracted an impressive line-up of participants, ranging from global tech giants to innovative UK start-ups. This is an excellent opportunity for the UK to help lead in the world of spectrum and one that could deliver huge benefits to society."
Steve Unger, Ofcom Chief Technology Officer, said: "Spectrum is the raw material that will underpin the next revolution in wireless communications. In the future it won’t be just mobiles and tablets that are connected to the internet; billions of other things including cars, crops, coffee machines and cardiac monitors will also be connected, using tiny slivers of spectrum to get online.
"This is likely to deliver large benefits to society; however there isn't an unlimited supply of spectrum to meet this extraordinary demand. This is why we need to explore new ways of unlocking the potential of spectrum - like white space technology - to get the most from this valuable national resource."
ENDS
NOTES FOR EDITORS
1. The table below lists the organisations that have expressed an interest in taking in part in Ofcom's white space trial, along with a brief summary of what they propose to trial. Please contact rhys.hurd@ofcom.org.uk for a more detailed overview of each organisation's proposals.
2. Neul is an Internet of Things specialist, based in Cambridge, UK that provides wireless network services and solutions.
3. The BT and Neul trial will involve a small network of white space transmitters to send data on traffic congestion and varying traffic conditions to vehicles, which would themselves contain white space devices which could also broadcast data about their speed and position. This trial will test the technical viability of networks which in future might help to regulate the smooth flow of road traffic across the country, as well as relaying live information to drivers.
4. Information about the Centre for White Space Communications can be found here.
5. To test this concept, this will initially involve gathering basic information, such as air temperature and humidity, which will feed into a live map of the city that can be accessed by the public. However, in the future, white spaces could be used to create more sophisticated applications, where dense networks of sensors provide live information on traffic flow and consumption of water and electricity. Using this data could help to make cities more efficient.
6. Click4internet will also be deploying white space technology for moving vehicles and boats. Because TV white space signals travel further than many other forms of wireless technologies, they could improve the coverage and performance of wireless broadband services on moving vehicles.
7. Any companies interested in becoming database providers will need to enter into a contract with Ofcom. They will also need to demonstrate to Ofcom that they have passed various checks and undergo an assessment process in order to qualify to participate in the pilot.
8. For the purpose of the trial, device operators will need to obtain a licence from Ofcom.
9. Cisco's Internet of Things: How the Next Evolution of the Internet Is Changing Everything, April 2011
10. One such application is intelligent crop irrigation: with M2M this could significantly reduce water wastage and crops could be fed with fewer fertilizers. Another is healthcare: wireless M2M monitoring of patients could improve mortality rates and reduce the pressure on hospitals. In energy, smart grids based on M2M could intelligently match energy supply more closely with demand, reducing the need for new generators. And in transport, M2M embedded in vehicles and the network could reduce congestion and improve road safety.
11. For a full list of Ofcom's proposed spectrum management priorities please refer to Spectrum Management Strategy, Ofcom’s approach to and priorities for spectrum management over the next ten years.
12. The white space trial will start later this year and will continue into the first half of 2014. Following a successful completion of the pilot, Ofcom anticipates that the technology could be fully rolled out later in 2014, enabling the use of white space devices across the country.
13. For information on how white spaces devices will work, see Ofcom's previous online guide.
14. Under Ofcom's plans, a TV white space device will not be able to start transmitting until it receives clearance from a database qualified by Ofcom and listed in the statutory instrument setting out the terms of the licence exemption (or, for the purposes of the pilot, in the pilot licences) and on a dedicated Ofcom website. This database will provide up-to-date information on where the TV white spaces are located, and the power level to which devices should be restricted if they want to use the spaces. This will help ensure that there is a low probability of harmful interference with existing users of the spectrum.
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